Evaluation of re-analyses over China based on the temporal asymmetry of daily temperature variability

As an intrinsic feature of daily surface air temperature (SAT) variability found in station measurements, temporal asymmetry (TA) can be taken as evaluation metric to access the quality SAT re-analysis product. In this study, TA calculated from four variables, i.e., mean (Tmean), maximum (Tmax), minimum (Tmin) and diurnal range (TDTR = Tmax − Tmin), is applied evaluate synoptic-scale performance reanalysis products (NCEP-2, JRA-55, ERA-I, ERA-5) over China. The results show that re-analyses overall overestimate Tmin China, but with a comparatively consistent estimated for Tmean. Moreover, Tmean these shares high spatial consistency those observation. However, own similar region-dependent patterns overestimated variability, especially Tmax. Since indicator strong nonlinear feature, only most suitable explore extreme events, such heat waves cold waves, which are highly related processes.